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KMID : 0377619770330010093
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Korean Jungang Medical Journal
1977 Volume.33 No. 1 p.93 ~ p.108
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A Study of the Influence of Amniotic Fluid to the Growth of Bacteria and Fungus
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Abstract
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Amniocentesis has become a valuable means to evaluate fetal conditions and treat fetal illness or complication of pregnancy. This procedure is seldom complicated by amniotic and fetal infection, a phenomenon believed to be due to antimicrobial effects of amniotic fluid.
Since Cattaneo (1949) first reported that amniotic fluid possessed antibacterial action, various confirmatory studies have been published.
Although the mechanism by which amniotic fluid inhibits growth of bacteria and fungus is still obscure, Cattaneo (1949), Galask and Snyder (1970), Larsen et al. (1974), and Schlievert et al. (1975) variously hypothesized that the antimicrobial effects might be due to lysozyme, transferrin, immunoglobulin, peroxidase, steroids or nutritional defects.
The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid-mixed media, and to observe the morphological changes and vitality of microorganism treated with amniotic fluid.
Aseptic and atraumatic amniocentesis was performed in 30 cases of normal term pregnant women.
Cultures of bacteria and fungus were made in amniotic fluid containing media in order to determine the vitality of the organisms and the inhibitory effect of the amniotic fluid.
Bacteria cultures(Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris) were made using brain heart infusion media mixed with 0, 10, 50,. 75, and 100% distilled water for the control and 0, 50, 75, and 100% amniotic fluid for the study group. Cultures of fungus(Candida albicans) were made with sabouraud media in the same manner.
Growth of bacteria and fungus was measured by means of optical transmission density.
After immersion in amniotic fluid for 24 hours, the morphologic changes of
bacteria and fungus were observed, under an electron microscope. The result obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The growth of Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Candida albicans in the media containing amniotic fluid and the inhibitory effects were directly proportional to the concentrations of amniotic fluid in the media.
2. Growth of bacteria and fungus was inhibited in amniotic fluid-mixed media to a significantly greater degree than in distilled water-mixed media. This result indicates that amniotic fluid itself had an inhibitory effect rather than nutritional deficiency.
3. Bacteria treated with pure amniotic fluid for 24 hours demonstrated a cytolytic appearance and fungus was intact under an electron microscope. 4. Bacteria treated with pure amniotic fluid for 24 hours did not grow in the fresh media while fungus did grow.
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